Morning Larry, you're right, the world is changing and we must change with it or go the way of the dinosaurs. I'll be over working on Leo's Stude again Monday and will run this by him. My first thought is the 194 head shrouds the valves if you try to increase their size. So it could only be cammed for torque and low RPM. Which could go toward the mileage factor quite nicely. Because of this, studs may not be necessary but anything that makes an engine stronger, can't be bad. Like any engine build, first you must decide how it will be used, then built to do it (one must be realistic). Bummer we can't get gas with this octane rating, if you build an engine for E85, it will be very unhappy with anything less. Maybe we can keep this thread a little more on the tech side.